What is the electoral cycle?

In Myanmar, general elections take place once every five years. However, the election process is not confined to one day. It is a continuous process that revolves in a cycle. Just as the hot season follows straight into the rainy season, each election period moves directly into the next one without pause. However, unlike the seasons, the periods of the election cycle can overlap.

There are three periods in the election cycle:

Pre-Election Period

In Myanmar this is approximately three years leading up to an election.

After the post-election review is completed, the pre-election period is a time of reform and preparation. This is includes revising laws and regulations, reforming the structure of the Union Election Commission itself and advocating for further inclusion for minorities and women.

The Commission begins budgeting, logistical and security preparations for the next election. It also takes the opportunity to train election officials, and conduct public outreach and civic education so that voters understand how and where to make a valid vote.

Towards the end of the pre-election period, political parties and voters are able to register. Voters must check the Voter List Display to ensure their details are accurately recorded. Candidates can nominate themselves in this time, and election observers can become accredited.

Finally, the election campaign takes place during the last weeks of the pre-election period. The Commission ensures that parties follow the law, issues offences and sanctions, monitors party and campaign finances, conducts dispute resolution, and ensures that all stakeholders follow codes of conduct.

Election Period

In Myanmar this is the weeks leading up to, and after an election.

Leading up to the day of voting, there are many operational and logistical considerations. This includes training poll workers, distributing election materials, ensuring disability access, conducting advanced voting, monitoring observers and party agents, and taking security measures.

On Election Day, the Commission is also responsible for voting and counting procedures. Record-keeping is an essential part of this process.

Following the counting, there is the announcement of the preliminary and final results. The Commission tabulates the results for public access, and allocates seats. There may also be complaints and appeals processes.

Post-Election Period

This period is approximately one to two years after an election.

Following an election, the Commission formulates its strategic plan, conducts audits, evaluations and a legal review. This is also the period when international and domestic election observers produce their reviews of the electoral process. These finalized evaluations and reviews are the basis of reforms made in the next pre-election period.